Internet History
Internet - a system of communication and information system at the same time, environment communication. Internet history begins in about 60 years of XX century.
In 1969 the agency ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) do research in order to create a pilot network "packet-switching. This network was established and has a very simple and ascetic name ARPANET, that is, a network of agencies ... The network was built to study the technology independent transmission data stream in the communication system.
It is the successful development of a research project, we must ensure that the many organizations that participated in its creation, began to apply it in their everyday purposes, and in 1975 announced a pilot network working, and the responsibility for it was assigned to the DCA (Defense Agency communications USA). At the same time, specialists work to develop the foundations of TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol - Minutes of the management of transfer / Internet-Protocol).
TCP / IP adopted as Military Standards (MIL STD) in 1983, after which all hosts (computers) connected to APRANET began to demand only work with those protocols. At the same time began to apply the term «Internet», in the Whereas APRANET was divided into two separate networks: MILNET (Military Network) - unclassified part of the Defense Data Transmission Network (DDN) and new (reduced size) APRANET. The term Internet was used when the mean both at the same network.
In 1985, the National Science Foundation (NSF) took part in establishing its own network NSFNet, which was soon connected to the Internet. Initially, the NSF included the five super-computing centers, however, less than in APRANET, and the speed of data transmission in communication channels does not exceed 56 kbps. At the same time, the creation NSFNet a notable contribution to the development of the Internet, allowing for a fresh look at how you can use the Internet.
Fund set a target that every scientist, every engineer in the U.S. were "connected" to a single network, and therefore started to build a network with faster channel, which would unite the numerous regional and local networks.
Not so long ago, in 1990 APRANET formally ended its existence, and More in 5 years, NSFNet ceased to play first violin in the orchestra Internet.
Internet has grown far beyond what was seen and designed, it has outgrown those agencies and organizations that he created, they are no longer able to play in the growth of its dominant role. Today it is a powerful worldwide communications network based on distributed switching elements - hubs and communication channels. Since 1983, the Internet is growing exponentially, and almost no detail is preserved from those times, - Internet is still working on the basis of a set of protocols, TCP / IP.
If the term «Internet» originally used to describe a network built on the basis of the Internet Protocol IP, but now that word has acquired global significance, and only occasionally used as a name for a set of converged networks. Strictly speaking - Internet, is any set of individual networks in the physical sense, which are connected by a single protocol IP, which allows you to talk about them as one logical network.
The rapid growth of Internet, has caused increased interest in protocols TCP / IP, and eventually appeared professionals and companies that are analyzing the record found for him and several other applications, primarily using the same protocol for the construction of local area networks (LAN - Local Area Network) even when not provided for their connection to the Internet. In addition, TCP / IP was used in the establishment of corporate networks, which have adopted internet technologies, including the WWW (World Wide Web) - World Wide Web, to establish effective exchange of internal information. These corporate network are called "intranet" and can be connected, or not be connected to the Internet.
Since 1990, the Internet is to some extent self-developing subject, say the engineers, it acts a positive feedback, that is, but as more resources (informational and physical) are available so more people and companies seek access to these resources.
Needless to specifically enumerate all the different services that are available through the Internet, for the sake of formality called some of them:
Sending and receiving e-mail;
access to virtually any media;
to communicate;
opportunity to participate in research;
receive the software;
the possibility of "virtual" shopping and actual purchases of goods;
try and buy music;
video;
game.
Return to our main topic - GPRS. GPRS is "doveskom" to the existing GSM network and uses some network resources together. Existing network of GSM. However, based on the application of new technology is far from dial-up connections, which existed from the beginning of XX century, which, in its standard version able to provide data transfer rate is only 9.6 kbps. At the same time, the majority of applications and services that involve much higher data rate, which was reflected in the Committee of ETSI standards of Generation 2 + (Phase 2 +). Accordingly, there have been some steps to remedy the current situation.